Newer evidences and recommendations regarding the cardiovascular risk reduction by lipid treatments, antidiabetic medications, and other endocrine-metabolic methods

█ Review

DOI: 10.26430/CHUNGARICA.2022.52.4.324

Authors:
Bajnok László
Pécsi Tudományegyetem, I. sz. Belgyógyászati Klinika, Endokrinológiai és Anyagcsere Tanszék, Pécs

Summary

The large clinical studies carried out in the recent years exclusively confirmed and did not deny that ideas: it is better to start reducing atherogenic cholesterol as strongly and as early as possible. Despite these, the 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice have significantly reduced the strength of the 2019 ESC/EAS recommendations. The recent studies have refuted the hypothesis of protective HDL, on the other hand, and the results obtained with fish oil are contradictory. However, the reduction of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) protein and apolipoprotein C-III (Apo CIII) in an innovative way is promising. Although sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist (GLP-1RA) drugs reduce the number of major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events only modestly (by 10 and 14%, respectively), other clinical effects – on kidney, heart muscle and fatty liver – are also important. Recent attempts aimed by hormone, vitamin, or mineral replacement, as well by weight or uric acid level reduction have not been proved having a positive cardiovascular effect.

ISSUE: CARDIOLOGIA HUNGARICA | 2022 | VOLUME 52, ISSUE 4

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